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Quantifying the Standard of Care

February 2026 PDF • 105 pages Regulatory White Paper
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The SEC's 2022–2023 Staff Bulletins on Care Obligations, Conflicts of Interest, and Account Recommendations articulate a rigorous standard of care for investment fiduciaries. This 105-page report documents, with evidence, the gap between those standards and what the industry actually practices.

Using publicly available financial data, documented historical base rates, and standard statistical methods, it is possible today to calculate the probability that a stock at a given valuation will deliver negative returns over a specified horizon — and to compare that probability against the guaranteed yield of a Treasury security. The report proposes that this gap be closed using data science tools that exist today.

The report documents eight companies where extraordinary business growth produced zero or negative stock returns for investors — because the valuation at the time of purchase was too high to sustain. In every case, the probability and magnitude of loss could have been estimated in advance using publicly available data.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Pages 1–8
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Part I: The Central Finding

The SEC Has Already Articulated the Standard
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Part II: The Documented Reality

What the Industry Actually Practices
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Part III: The Evidence

When Extraordinary Growth Produced Zero Returns
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Part IV: The Cross-Industry Standard

Every Other Profession Already Requires This
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Part V: The Fee Conflict

The AUM Model and Structural Incentives
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Part VI: The Microsoft Case Study

Three Dates, Three Valuations, Three Outcomes
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Part VII: The Index Fund Question

Passive Investing and Valuation Risk
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Part VIII: The Tools Exist Today

Risk Quantification Is Operational
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Part IX: Regulatory Recommendations

Closing the Gap with Existing Obligations
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Part X: The Stakes

Investor Protection as Consumer Safety
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Appendix A: Methodology

Statistical Framework and Data Sources
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Appendix B: Detailed Evidence Tables

Company-Level Analysis and Sensitivity Tables
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